Epinephrine, also known as _adrenaline_, is a hormone and neurotransmitter and produced by the adrenal glands that can also be used as a drug due to its various important functions. Though it has long been used in the treatment of hypersensitivity reactions, epinephrine in the auto-injector form (EpiPen) has been available since 1987 in the USA. Many new products/biosimilars and dosage routes have been approved under various names over the last several decades [L4355], [L4356], [L4358]. On August 16, 2018, Teva Pharmaceuticals USA gained approval to market its generic epinephrine auto-injector in 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg strengths [L4353]. Dosage delivery routes for epinephrine include intravenous, inhalation, nebulization, intramuscular injection, and subcutaneous injection. In general, the most common uses of parenteral epinephrine are to relieve respiratory distress due to bronchospasm, to provide rapid relief of hypersensitivity (anaphylactic or anaphylactoid) reactions to drugs, animal serums and other allergens, and to prolong the action of infiltration anesthetics [F2136]. In addition to the above functions, epinephrine is the primary drug administered during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to reverse cardiac arrest [A37697], [A37699]. It can be used in severe cases of croup [L4824].
Bupivacaine HCl 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Injection
D-Care 100X
Epipen Jr
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 3
E-pilo 6 Ophthalmic Solution
Gingi-pak Pellets
Vivacaine
EpiPen
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Injection USP
Neffy
E-pilo 4 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine Hci
Xylocaine 2% With Epinephrine 1:200000
Blue Gel Anesthetic
Xylocaine
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine HCl 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Xylocaine with epinephrine
Epinephrine Pediatrics
Septocaine and Epinephrine
Anapen
Gold Label Anorectal Numbing Spray
Epinephrinesnap-V
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine Forte 1:100,000 (0.01mg/ml)
Primatene Mist Refill
2% Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:100,000 Injection USP
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Septocaine
Epinephrine Chloride Solution
Adrenalin Topical Solution
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 3
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000 Test Dose
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Ultracaine DS Forte Inj
CLIN-LIDO-Single Use Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100 000
Adrenalin Vials
Prilocaine HCl 4% Epineph 1:200000inj
Marcaine E Liq Prt 0.50%
Leep RediKit
Ana-kit
Lignospan Standard
Medihaler-Epi
Sensorcaine Mpf
Pro Numb
Prilocaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Octocaine 50
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine
Taroclick Epinephrine Junior
Taro-epinephrine Auto-injector
Ultracaine D-S Injection
Anapen Junior
Articaine HCl and Epinephrine
Marcaine E
Octocaine 100
Basic Dental Emergency Kit
Adyphren Amp Kit
Crown-pak Max 4-ply
Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine
Citanest Forte
Adyphren Amp II Kit
Xylocaine 1.5% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Octocaine 100 Needleject Inj
EpinephrineSnap-EMS
Sensorcaine With Epinephrine
Septanest Sp
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 1
E-pilo 1 Ophthalmic Solution
Lidocaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate
Taroclick Epinephrine
Posicaine Sp
Twinject
Vasocaine
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:50000
Ultracaine DS Inj
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
Adrenalin (epinephrine)
Twinject 0.3mg Auto-injector
Adrenalin (epinephrine in sodium chloride)
Ultracaine D-S Forte Injection
Xylocaine MPF
Certa Dose Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Bronkaid Mistometer Aem 0.5%
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:100,000
Ephinephrine
EpinephrineSnap-V
E-pilo 2 Ophthalmic Solution
EPY Kit
Scandonest 2% Special Inj
Epinephrine
Orabloc 1:100,000
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 1.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP Test Dose
Primatene Mist
Prime Asthma Relief
LIDOCAINE HCl and EPINEPHRINE
EPIsnap Epinephrine Convenience Kit
Lixtraxen 1%
Octocaine HCl 2% Epinephrine 1:100000
Epinephrine 0.3 Adults
Lidosite
Spinal Anaesthesia Tray
Orabloc
Epinephrine Professional
EPY II Kit
Auvi-Q
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride with Epinephrine
Epinephrine Injection USP 1 mg/ml
Numquick Topical Analgesic
4% Astracaine Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000 (0.005mg/ml)
Epinephrine Inj 0.1mg/ml USP
Gingi-pak Max 2-ply
QKit Procedure Tray
SENSORCAINE MPF with Epinephrine
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine
Xylocaine 0.5% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Spinal Anesthesia Tray
Adrenaclick
Deluxe Dental Emergency Kit
Epinephrine Injection USP
Lidocaine
The Solution Anorectal Spray Temporary Pain Relief
Sensorcaine(r) (bupivacaine Hci and Epinephrine)
Marcaine
The Solution
LIDOCAINE HCl
Dysne Inhal
Xylocaine-mpf With Epi
Dentsply 2% Lidocaine With Epinephrine 1:50,000
EpiPen Jr
Numbing Hemorrhoidal Label
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 00
Epinephrine 1:1000 Inj 1mg/ml USP
Lidocaine and Epinephrine Inj.usp 2% 1:100000
Gingi Pak Cord No 1
Lidocaine Hydrochloride 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200000 Injection USP
LIDOCAINE HCl AND EPINEPHRINE
Sensorcaine Forte
Xylocaine Mpf 1.5% With Epinephrine
Allerject
Adrenaclick 0.15mg Auto-injector
Gingi-pak Max Z-twist No 2
Articaine
Adrenaclick 0.30mg Auto-injector
Zone 2
Numquick Analgesic
Adyphren Kit
Orostat 8%
Zorcaine
Epi E-Z Pen - Liquid - 0.3mg/0.3ml
Marcaine E 0.25% Liq Prt
Gingi-pak Cotton Coil
Marcaine 0.5% and Epinephrine 1:200,000 Liq
Adrenalin
Adyphren II Kit
E-pilo-4 Oph Soln
Adrenalin(r)
Lignospan Forte
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:100000
Septanest N
Twinject 0.15mg Auto-injector
Posicaine N
Xylocaine 2% W Epinephrine 1:200000
Lidocaine Hci and Epinephrine With Epinephrine
Emerade
Marcaine With Epinephrine
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:50 000
Xylocaine Dental Lidocaine Hydrochloride 2% and Epinephrine 1:50,000
Epinephrine Injection
Orabloc 1:200,000
E-pilo-1 Oph Soln
Articadent
Lidocaine 2% and Epinephrine 1:100,000
Marcaine with Epinephrine
4% Citanest Forte Dental With Epinephrine 1:200,000
Epinephrine 0.15 Pediatrics
Ultacan Forte
Dentsply 4% Prilocaine and Epinephrine Injection 1:200,000
Sensorcaine
Articaine Hydrochloride and Epinephrine Bitartrate Injection
Symjepi
Ana-kit (2mg/tab Orl, 1mg/ml Liq Sc Im)
Citanest Forte DENTAL
Anakit Insect Sting Treatment Kit
Gingi-pak Max Soft-twist No 2
Xylocaine 1% W Epinephrine 1:200000
E-pilo-2 Oph Soln
Indication
Epinephrine injection and nasal spray are indicated in the emergency treatment of type I allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.[L41260, L51798] Epinephrine injection is also used to increase mean arterial blood pressure in adult patients with hypotension associated with septic shock.[L41260] Epinephrine's cardiac effects may be of use in restoring cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest due to various causes but is not used in cardiac failure or in hemorrhagic, traumatic, or cardiogenic shock [F1247]. Epinephrine is used as a hemostatic agent. It is so used in treating mucosal congestion of hay fever, rhinitis, and acute sinusitis; to relieve bronchial asthmatic paroxysms; in syncope due to complete heart block or carotid sinus hypersensitivity; for symptomatic relief of serum sickness, urticaria, angioneurotic edema; for resuscitation in cardiac arrest following anesthetic accidents; in simple (open-angle) glaucoma; for relaxation of uterine musculature and to inhibit uterine contractions. Epinephrine injection can be utilized to prolong the action of local anesthetics [F1247]. In addition to the above, epinephrine is used as an over the counter (OTC) agent for the intermittent symptoms of asthma, such as wheezing, tightness of chest and shortness of breath [F2131]. It is also used for the maintenance of mydriasis during intraocular surgery [L4825].
Drug Info/Drug Targets: DrugBank 3.0: a comprehensive resource for 'omics' research on drugs. Knox C, Law V, Jewison
T, Liu P, Ly S, Frolkis A, Pon A, Banco K, Mak C, Neveu V, Djoumbou Y, Eisner R, Guo AC, Wishart DS.
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